Difference between revisions of "BCH394P BCH364C 2019"

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* '''Office hours:'''  Wed 11 AM – 12 noon in MBB 3.148BA<br>
 
* '''Office hours:'''  Wed 11 AM – 12 noon in MBB 3.148BA<br>
 
'''TA:''' Caitie McCaffery, clmccafferty @ utexas.edu<br>
 
'''TA:''' Caitie McCaffery, clmccafferty @ utexas.edu<br>
*'''TA Office hours:''' Mon 11-12/Fri 2-3 in NHB 3.202 (or MBB 3.128AA) '''Phone:''' 512-232-3919<br>
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*'''TA Office hours:''' Mon 11-12/Fri 2-3 in NHB 3.400B atrium (or MBB 3.128B) '''Phone:''' 512-232-3919<br>
  
 
== Lectures & Handouts ==
 
== Lectures & Handouts ==
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'''Apr 30 - May 7, 2019 - Final Project Presentations'''
'''May 2 - May 7, 2019 - Final Project Presentations'''
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* Note: There are some great [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html short summer courses in computational biology] being offered at UT. Of particular note, introductions to [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#ngs core NextGen sequencing tools] and [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#rna RNA-seq], also machine learning & proteomics.
* Note: There are some great [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html short summer courses in computational biology] being offered at UT. Of particular note, introductions to [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#ngs core NextGen sequencing tools] and [http://ccbb.biosci.utexas.edu/summerschool.html#rna RNA-seq].
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* We'll spend 5 minutes on the [https://utdirect.utexas.edu/ctl/ecis/ Course - Instructor Survey] Thursday morning.
* We'll spend 5 minutes on the [https://utdirect.utexas.edu/ctl/ecis/ Course - Instructor Survey] this morning.
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* Here's an assortment of final class projects (with permission to be posted):
 
* Here's an assortment of final class projects (with permission to be posted):
** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/psatellite/home Analysis of ABCC11 Transcription Factors for Regulation and Expression, by Stratton Georgoulis]
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** [https://bioinformaticsnlxrps.wordpress.com/ Genomic and transcriptomic dynamics of outer membrane proteins in bacterial pathogens, by Nicholas Xerri, Rui Silva]
** [https://sites.google.com/view/clptm1/home Analysis of the CLPTM1 Gene Family, by Nathan Huang]
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** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/bch364cfinalproject/home IMPACT OF CDPK PHOSPHORYLATION OF EIFISO4G1 ON PREDICTED 3D STRUCTURE, by Phillip Woolley]
** [https://sites.google.com/view/kolin-bioinformatics/home/ Big cats, by Katherine Olin]
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** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/coralandcancer/home Corals, Cancer, and Colonial Fusion, by Brandon Burgman]
** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/igdcom/home A Hidden Markov model for exploring function and evolution of immunoglobulin domains, by Sayer Browning, Sachit Saksena, and Lisa Strong]
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** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/codonramps/home Directed evolution of codon ramps using a stochastic model, by Alexandra Lukasiewicz]
** [https://github.com/bshrestha0/BCH339N_classProject/wiki Examine evolutionary fate of missing plastid genes in Passiflora using transcriptome data, by Bikash Shrestha]
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** [https://mmcguffi.github.io/ Plasmid Annotation Tool, by Matt McGuffie]
** [https://sites.google.com/view/abcc11geneproject/ Analysis of ABCC11 Transcription Factors for Regulation and Expression, by Joshua Tran]
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** [https://sites.google.com/view/bch394pcolleenmulvihill/home Analysis of Predictive Strategies for Heterologous Expression of Human GPCRs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by Colleen Molvihill]
** [https://sites.google.com/view/fromthebraintoacomputer/home?authuser=1 Primate motor cortex neuronal signal serve as metrics for machine learning algorithm, by Juan Zambrano]
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** [https://sites.google.com/view/aparna-suhas-bchfinalproject/introduction A Conceptual Analysis over Alzheimer's Disease, by Aparna Kakarlapudi & Suhas Tatapudi]
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** [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/bch-339n-final-project/ Comparative Analysis of Prions Among Mammals with TSEs, by Vanessa Alexandra]
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** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/yeastieboys/home Origins of Lager Yeast, by Thorin Peiser]
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** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/amberless-ecoli-sequencing/home?authuser=1 Mapping mutations in amberless E. coli from nanopore sequencing, by Rachel Le and Abigail Ulloa]
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** [https://sites.google.com/site/bch339nproject/ Phylogenetic Analysis of GPCRs from Multiple Species, by Austin Arceneaux]
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** [https://github.com/Dclove123/Bioinformatics_Project Determining L- and V- regions of an Antibody Amino Acid Sequence using Hidden Markov Models and the Viterbi Algorithm, by Kevin Valdez, Kelly Sim, and Ghenica-Rose Delfin]
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** [https://sites.google.com/utexas.edu/bch339n-petbiodegradation/home PET Biodegradation, by Candice Chen, Nick Brzezniak, Max Rector]
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'''April 30, 2019 - Synthetic Biology II'''
 
* '''Reminder: All projects are due by midnight, April 25'''.  Turn them in as a URL to the web site you created, sent by email to the TA AND PROFESSOR. 
 
* We'll be finishing the slides from Apr. 19.
 
  
'''April 25, 2019 - Synthetic Biology I'''
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'''April 23-25, 2019 - Synthetic Biology I'''
* '''Reminder: All projects are due by midnight, April 25'''.  Turn them in as a URL to the web site you created, sent by email to the TA AND PROFESSOR.   
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* '''Reminder: All projects are due by midnight, April 29'''.  Turn them in as a URL to the web site you created, sent by email to the TA AND PROFESSOR.   
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_SyntheticBio_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_SyntheticBio_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
 
A collection of further reading, if you're so inclined:
 
A collection of further reading, if you're so inclined:
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/MinimalMycoplasma.pdf Minimal Mycoplasma]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/MinimalMycoplasma.pdf Minimal Mycoplasma]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/GenomeTransplantation.pdf Genome Transplantation]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/GenomeTransplantation.pdf Genome Transplantation]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/JCVI-1.0.pdf JCVI-1.0]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/JCVI-1.0.pdf JCVI-1.0]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/OneStepAssemblyInYeast.pdf One step genome assembly in yeast]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/OneStepAssemblyInYeast.pdf One step genome assembly in yeast]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/StrainsFromYeastGenomicClones.pdf New cells from yeast genomic clones]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/StrainsFromYeastGenomicClones.pdf New cells from yeast genomic clones]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NewCellFromChemicalGenome.pdf A new cell from a chemically synthesized genome], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NewCellFromChemicalGenome.SOM.pdf SOM]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NewCellFromChemicalGenome.pdf A new cell from a chemically synthesized genome], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NewCellFromChemicalGenome.SOM.pdf SOM]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/YeastSynthCsome.pdf 1/2 a synthetic yeast chromosome] and [http://syntheticyeast.org/ Build-A-Genome]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/YeastSynthCsome.pdf 1/2 a synthetic yeast chromosome] and [http://syntheticyeast.org/ Build-A-Genome]
*  [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/Science-2014-Annaluru-55-8.pdf Entire synthetic yeast chromosome]  
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*  [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/Science-2014-Annaluru-55-8.pdf Entire synthetic yeast chromosome]  
 
* [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6329/1040.long Sc 2.0, as of 2017], with the [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6329/1038 computational genome design]
 
* [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6329/1040.long Sc 2.0, as of 2017], with the [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/355/6329/1038 computational genome design]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillespie_algorithm The Gillespie algorithm]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillespie_algorithm The Gillespie algorithm]
 
* [https://www.igem.org/Main_Page iGEM], and an example part ([http://parts.igem.org/Featured_Parts:Light_Sensor the light sensor])
 
* [https://www.igem.org/Main_Page iGEM], and an example part ([http://parts.igem.org/Featured_Parts:Light_Sensor the light sensor])
 
* [http://www.popsci.com/diy/article/2013-08/grow-photo Take your own coliroids]
 
* [http://www.popsci.com/diy/article/2013-08/grow-photo Take your own coliroids]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/repressilator.pdf The infamous repressilator]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/repressilator.pdf The infamous repressilator]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BacterialPhotography.pdf Bacterial photography], and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BIO337_2014/UTiGEM2012.pdf UT's 2012 iGEM entry]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BacterialPhotography.pdf Bacterial photography], and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BIO337_2014/UTiGEM2012.pdf UT's 2012 iGEM entry]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/EdgeDetector.pdf Edge detector]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/EdgeDetector.pdf Edge detector]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/nbt.2510.pdf A nice example of digital logic]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/nbt.2510.pdf A nice example of digital logic]
 
* An example of metabolic engineering: [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature12051.html yeast making anti-malarial drugs]
 
* An example of metabolic engineering: [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature12051.html yeast making anti-malarial drugs]
 
[http://www.popsci.com/woolly-mammoth-dna-brought-life-elephant-cells Food for thought]
 
[http://www.popsci.com/woolly-mammoth-dna-brought-life-elephant-cells Food for thought]
  
'''April 23, 2019 - Phenologs'''
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* '''Remember: The final project web page is due by midnight April 25, 2018, turned in as a URL emailed to the TA+Professor.  Please indicate in the email if you are willing to let us post the project to the course web site.'''  
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_Phenologs_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
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'''April 18, 2019 - Phenologs'''
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* [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/health/gene-editing-babies.html More on ethics, CRISPR babies] & [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/16/health/stanford-gene-editing-babies.html Stanford's response]
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* '''Remember: The final project web page is due by midnight April 29, 2019, turned in as a URL emailed to the TA+Professor.  Please indicate in the email if you are willing to let us post the project to the course web site. Also, note that ''late days can't be used for the final project'' '''  
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_Phenologs_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/PNAS_Phenologs_2010.pdf Phenologs] and the [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/PLoSBiology_TBZ_2012.pdf drug discovery story] we'll discuss in class. This is a fun example of the power of opportunistic data mining aka [http://researchparasite.com/ "research parasitism"] in biomedical research.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/PNAS_Phenologs_2010.pdf Phenologs] and the [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/PLoSBiology_TBZ_2012.pdf drug discovery story] we'll discuss in class. This is a fun example of the power of opportunistic data mining aka [http://researchparasite.com/ "research parasitism"] in biomedical research.
* Search for phenologs [http://www.phenologs.org/ here].  You can get started by rediscovering the plant model of Waardenburg syndrome.  Search among the known diseases for "Waardenburg", or enter the human genes linked to Waardenburg (Entrez gene IDs 4286, 5077, 6591, 7299) to get a feel for how this works. Also, here's [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/27/science/27gene.html?_r=0 Carl Zimmer's NYT article] about phenologs and the scientific process.
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* Search for phenologs [http://www.phenologs.org/ here].  You can get started by rediscovering the plant model of Waardenburg syndrome.  Search among the known diseases for "Waardenburg", or enter the human genes linked to Waardenburg (Entrez gene IDs 4286, 5077, 6591, 7299) to get a feel for how this works.
 
Tools for finding orthologs:<br>
 
Tools for finding orthologs:<br>
* One good tool for discovering orthologs is [http://inparanoid.sbc.su.se/cgi-bin/index.cgi InParanoid].  Note: InParanoid annotation lags a bit, so you'll need to find the [http://www.ensembl.org/index.html Ensembl] protein id, or try a text search for the common name. Or, just link there from [http://www.uniprot.org/ Uniprot]. InParanoid tends towards higher recall, lower precision for finding orthologs. Approaches with higher precision include [http://omabrowser.org/oma/home/ OMA] (introduced in [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/OMA.pdf this paper]), [http://phylomedb.org/ PhylomeDB], and [http://eggnogdb.embl.de/#/app/home EggNOG]
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* One good tool for discovering orthologs is [http://inparanoid.sbc.su.se/cgi-bin/index.cgi InParanoid].  Note: InParanoid annotation lags a bit, so you'll need to find the [http://www.ensembl.org/index.html Ensembl] protein id, or try a text search for the common name. Or, just link there from [http://www.uniprot.org/ Uniprot]. InParanoid tends towards higher recall, lower precision for finding orthologs. Approaches with higher precision include [http://omabrowser.org/oma/home/ OMA] (introduced in [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/OMA.pdf this paper]), [http://phylomedb.org/ PhylomeDB], and [http://eggnogdb.embl.de/#/app/home EggNOG].  The various algorithms basically have different trade-offs with regard to precision vs recall, and ease of use.  For example, we use EggNOG in the lab for annotating genes in new genomes/transcriptomes because the EggNOG HMM ortholog models are easily downloadable/re-run on any set of genes you happen to be interested in.
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/Sonnhammer2002TiG.pdf All your ortholog definition questions answered!]
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* All (well, at least some) of [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/Sonnhammer2002TiG.pdf your ortholog definition questions answered!]
  
'''April 18, 2019 - Networks II'''
 
* We're finishing up the slides from Apr. 5.
 
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* An interesting re-analysis of real-world networks: [https://www.quantamagazine.org/scant-evidence-of-power-laws-found-in-real-world-networks-20180215/ Scant Evidence of Power Laws Found in Real-World Networks]
 
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'''Apr 16, 2019 - Cryo-electron microscopy'''
 
* Guest speaker: [http://cryoem.cns.utexas.edu/ Prof. David Taylor]
 
  
'''Apr 11, 2019 - Networks'''
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'''Apr 16, 2019 - Networks'''
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_Networks_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_Networks_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
* Metabolic networks: [http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/show_thumbnails.pl The wall chart] (it's interactive. For example, can you find enolase?), the current state of the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/HumanMetabolicReactionNetwork-2013.pdf human metabolic reaction network], a review of [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/ChiPSeqReview.pdf mapping transcriptional networks by Chip-SEQ] (with the current record holder in this regard held by [https://www.encodeproject.org/ ENCODE]), and a recent review of [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/PPIsAndDiseaseReview.pdf protein interaction mapping in humans] and how it is informing disease genetics.
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* Metabolic networks: [http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/show_thumbnails.pl The wall chart] (it's interactive. For example, can you find enolase?), the current state of the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/HumanMetabolicReactionNetwork-2013.pdf human metabolic reaction network], a review of [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/ChiPSeqReview.pdf mapping transcriptional networks by Chip-SEQ] (with the current record holder in this regard held by [https://www.encodeproject.org/ ENCODE]), and a recent review of [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/PPIsAndDiseaseReview.pdf protein interaction mapping in humans] and how it is informing disease genetics.
 
* Useful gene network resources include:
 
* Useful gene network resources include:
 
** [http://www.reactome.org/ Reactome]), which we've seen before, links human genes according to reactions and pathways, and also calculated functional linkages from various high-throughput data.
 
** [http://www.reactome.org/ Reactome]), which we've seen before, links human genes according to reactions and pathways, and also calculated functional linkages from various high-throughput data.
Line 83: Line 66:
 
** [http://string-db.org/ STRING] is available for many organisms, including large numbers of prokaryotes. Try searching on the <i>E. coli</i> enolase (Eno) as an example.
 
** [http://string-db.org/ STRING] is available for many organisms, including large numbers of prokaryotes. Try searching on the <i>E. coli</i> enolase (Eno) as an example.
 
** [http://www.genemania.org/ GeneMania], which aggregates many individual gene networks.
 
** [http://www.genemania.org/ GeneMania], which aggregates many individual gene networks.
** [http://func.mshri.on.ca/ MouseFunc], a collection of network and classifier-based predictions of gene function from [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/GenomeBiology_MouseFunc_2008.pdf an open contest to predict gene function in the mouse].
 
 
** The best interactive tool for network visualization is [http://www.cytoscape.org/ Cytoscape]. You can download and install it locally on your computer, then visualize and annotated any gene network, such as are output by the network tools linked above.  There is also a web-based network viewer that can be incorporated into your own pages (e.g., as used in [http://www.inetbio.org/yeastnet/ YeastNet]).  Here's an example file to visualize, the [http://proteincomplexes.org/static/downloads/human_protein_complex_map.cys latest version] of the [http://proteincomplexes.org/ human protein complex map].
 
** The best interactive tool for network visualization is [http://www.cytoscape.org/ Cytoscape]. You can download and install it locally on your computer, then visualize and annotated any gene network, such as are output by the network tools linked above.  There is also a web-based network viewer that can be incorporated into your own pages (e.g., as used in [http://www.inetbio.org/yeastnet/ YeastNet]).  Here's an example file to visualize, the [http://proteincomplexes.org/static/downloads/human_protein_complex_map.cys latest version] of the [http://proteincomplexes.org/ human protein complex map].
 
Reading:<br>
 
Reading:<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/YeastSGA-2016.pdf The Yeast SGA map]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/YeastSGA-2016.pdf The Yeast SGA map]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/ng-fraser-review.pdf Functional networks]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/ng-fraser-review.pdf Functional networks]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/JProteomics_GBAReview_2010.pdf Review of predicting gene function and phenotype from protein networks]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/JProteomics_GBAReview_2010.pdf Review of predicting gene function and phenotype from protein networks]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBTPrimer-NetworkVisualization.pdf Primer on visualizing networks]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBTPrimer-NetworkVisualization.pdf Primer on visualizing networks]
  
'''Apr 9, 2019 - Principal Component Analysis (& the curious case of European genotypes)'''
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_PCA_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
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'''Apr 11, 2019 - Principal Component Analysis (& the curious case of European genotypes)'''
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/EuropeanGenesPCA.pdf European men, their genomes, and their geography]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_PCA_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/EuropeanGenesPCA.pdf European men, their genomes, and their geography]
 
* [http://projector.tensorflow.org/ The tSNE interactive visualization tool also performs PCA]
 
* [http://projector.tensorflow.org/ The tSNE interactive visualization tool also performs PCA]
* Relevant to today's discussion for his eponymous distance measure: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasanta_Chandra_Mahalanobis Mahalanobis]
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* Relevant to today's lecture for his eponymous distance measure: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasanta_Chandra_Mahalanobis Mahalanobis]
 
A smattering of links on PCA:<br>
 
A smattering of links on PCA:<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBT_primer_PCA.pdf NBT Primer on PCA]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBT_primer_PCA.pdf NBT Primer on PCA]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/PrincipalComponentAnalysis.docx A PCA overview (.docx format)] & the [http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/principal-component-analysis.html original post]
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* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/PrincipalComponentAnalysis.docx A PCA overview (.docx format)] & the [http://horicky.blogspot.com/2009/11/principal-component-analysis.html original post]
* Science Signaling (more specifically, Neil R. Clark and Avi Ma’ayan!) had a [http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sigtrans;4/190/tr3/DC1 nice introduction to PCA] that I've reposted [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/IntroToPCA.pdf here] (with [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/2001967Slides-FINAL.ppt slides])
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* Science Signaling (more specifically, Neil R. Clark and Avi Ma’ayan!) had a [http://stke.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sigtrans;4/190/tr3/DC1 nice introduction to PCA] that I've reposted [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/IntroToPCA.pdf here] (with [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/2001967Slides-FINAL.ppt slides])
 
* Python code for [http://sebastianraschka.com/Articles/2015_pca_in_3_steps.html performing PCA yourself]. This example gives a great intro to several important numerical/statistical/data mining packages in Python, including pandas and numpy.
 
* Python code for [http://sebastianraschka.com/Articles/2015_pca_in_3_steps.html performing PCA yourself]. This example gives a great intro to several important numerical/statistical/data mining packages in Python, including pandas and numpy.
  
'''Apr 4, 2019 - Classifiers I'''
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_Classifiers_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/MachineLearningReview.pdf A nice recent review explaining Support Vector Machines and k-NN classifiers]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/AMLALLclassification.pdf Classifying leukemias]
 
* For those of you interesting in trying out classifiers on your own, here's the best open software for do-it-yourself classifiers and data mining: [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ Weka].  There is a great introduction to using Weka in this book chapter [http://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-3578-9_17 Introducing Machine Learning Concepts with WEKA], as well as the very accessible Weka-produced book [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/book.html Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques].
 
  
'''Apr 2, 2019 - 3D Protein Structure Modeling'''
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'''Apr 9, 2019 - Classifiers'''
* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=zJ8L0GcAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Kevin Drew], formerly of New York University and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_Classifiers_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/structbio_lecture_BCH339N_2018.pptx Today's slides]<br>
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/MachineLearningReview.pdf A nice recent review explaining Support Vector Machines and k-NN classifiers]
* The [https://www.rosettacommons.org/software Rosetta] software suite for 3D protein modeling, and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/RosettaOverview.pdf what it can do for you]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/AMLALLclassification.pdf Classifying leukemias]
* The [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ Protein Data Bank], [http://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/hhpred HHPRED], [https://salilab.org/modeller/ MODELLER], and [http://www.pymol.org/ Pymol]
+
* For those of you interesting in trying out classifiers on your own, here's the best stand alone open software for do-it-yourself classifiers and data mining: [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ Weka].  There is a great introduction to using Weka in this book chapter [http://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-3578-9_17 Introducing Machine Learning Concepts with WEKA], as well as the very accessible Weka-produced book [http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/book.html Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques].
 +
* There's a particularly nice Python library of simple, easy-to-use, classification, regression, machine learning and data mining tools called [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/ scikit-learn]
  
'''Mar 28, 2019 - Clustering II'''
+
 
 +
'''Apr 4, 2019 - Clustering II'''
 
* Fun article: [http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2002050 All biology is computational biology]
 
* Fun article: [http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.2002050 All biology is computational biology]
* We're finishing up the slides from Mar.  20.<br>
+
* We're finishing up the slides from April 2.<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/FuzzyK-Means.pdf Fuzzy k-means]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/FuzzyK-Means.pdf Fuzzy k-means]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/SOM-geneexpression.pdf SOM gene expression]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/SOM-geneexpression.pdf SOM gene expression]
 
** Links to various applications of SOMs: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organizing_map 1], [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/kohonen.htx 2], [http://wn.com/Self_Organizing_Maps_Application 3]. You can run SOMs on the [http://www.math.le.ac.uk/people/ag153/homepage/PCA_SOM/PCA_SOM.html following web site]. You can also run SOM clustering with the [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster Open Source Clustering package] with the '-s' option, or GUI option (here's the [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/manual/SOM.html#SOM manual]). (FYI, it also supports PCA). If you are not happy with Cluster's SOM function, the statistical package R also provides a package for calculating SOMs (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/som/index.html).  
 
** Links to various applications of SOMs: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organizing_map 1], [http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/kohonen.htx 2], [http://wn.com/Self_Organizing_Maps_Application 3]. You can run SOMs on the [http://www.math.le.ac.uk/people/ag153/homepage/PCA_SOM/PCA_SOM.html following web site]. You can also run SOM clustering with the [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster Open Source Clustering package] with the '-s' option, or GUI option (here's the [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/manual/SOM.html#SOM manual]). (FYI, it also supports PCA). If you are not happy with Cluster's SOM function, the statistical package R also provides a package for calculating SOMs (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/som/index.html).  
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/tSNE.pdf t-SNE]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/tSNE.pdf t-SNE]
 
** Links to various applications of t-SNE: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding 1], [http://lvdmaaten.github.io/tsne/ 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJVL80Gg3lA 3], [http://distill.pub/2016/misread-tsne/ 4]. You can run t-SNE on the [http://projector.tensorflow.org/ following web site].  
 
** Links to various applications of t-SNE: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic_neighbor_embedding 1], [http://lvdmaaten.github.io/tsne/ 2], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJVL80Gg3lA 3], [http://distill.pub/2016/misread-tsne/ 4]. You can run t-SNE on the [http://projector.tensorflow.org/ following web site].  
  
[http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/ProblemSet3_2018.pdf '''Problem Set 3], due before midnight Apr. 10, 2018'''.  You will need the following software and datasets:<br>
 
* The clustering software is available [https://software.broadinstitute.org/morpheus/ here]. There is an alternative package [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/software.htm here] that you can download and install on your local computer if you prefer.<br>
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/yeast_aaseqs Yeast protein sequences]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/yeast_phyloprofiles2.txt Yeast protein phylogenetic profiles]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/yeast_cofractionationdata.txt Yeast protein fractionation/mass spectrometry profiles].  These additionally have common gene names (LocusID_commonname_location) which may help with the interpretation. These data come from [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/Nature_AnimalComplexes_2015.pdf this paper].
 
  
'''Mar 26, 2019 - Functional Genomics & Data Mining - Clustering I'''
+
'''Apr 2, 2019 - Functional Genomics & Data Mining - Clustering I'''
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_LargeScaleExperiments_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P_364C_LargeScaleExperiments_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis Clustering]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis Clustering]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBTPrimer-MicroarrayClustering.pdf Primer on clustering]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBTPrimer-MicroarrayClustering.pdf Primer on clustering]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/K-means-Example.ppt K-means example (.ppt)]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/K-means-Example.ppt K-means example (.ppt)]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/Bcelllymphoma.pdf B cell lymphomas]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/Bcelllymphoma.pdf B cell lymphomas]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/nature_review_2000.pdf Review of phylogenetic profiles]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/nature_review_2000.pdf Review of phylogenetic profiles]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-Seq RNA-Seq]
 
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-Seq RNA-Seq]
 +
 +
[http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/ProblemSet3_2019.pdf '''Problem Set 3], due before midnight Apr. 11, 2019'''.  You will need the following software and datasets:<br>
 +
* The clustering software is available [https://software.broadinstitute.org/morpheus/ here]. There is an alternative package [http://bonsai.hgc.jp/~mdehoon/software/cluster/software.htm here] that you can download and install on your local computer if you prefer.<br>
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/yeast_aaseqs Yeast protein sequences]
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/yeast_phyloprofiles2.txt Yeast protein phylogenetic profiles]
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/yeast_cofractionationdata.txt Yeast protein fractionation/mass spectrometry profiles].  These additionally have common gene names (LocusID_commonname_location) which may help with the interpretation. These data come from [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/Nature_AnimalComplexes_2015.pdf this paper].
 +
 +
 +
'''Mar 28, 2019 - 3D Protein Structure Modeling'''
 +
* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=zJ8L0GcAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Kevin Drew], formerly of New York University and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/stuctbio_lecture_final2019.pptx Today's slides]
 +
* The [https://www.rosettacommons.org/software Rosetta] software suite for 3D protein modeling, and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/RosettaOverview.pdf what it can do for you]
 +
* The [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/ Protein Data Bank], [http://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/hhpred HHPRED], [https://salilab.org/modeller/ MODELLER], and [http://www.pymol.org/ Pymol]
 +
 +
 +
'''Mar 26, 2019 - Proteomics'''
 +
* Guest speaker: [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=sYCFT1YAAAAJ&view_op=list_works Dr. Daniel Boutz], formerly of UCLA and now at the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology
 +
* Reminder: the Center for Biomedical Research Support offers [http://ccbb.utexas.edu/shortcourses.html one-day courses in bioinformatics and biocomputing] in April/May. Topics include Unix, bash, and single cell data analysis.  There is also an Annual (4 day long!) [http://ccbb.utexas.edu/summerschool.html Summer School for Big Data in Biology] offered May 28-31, 2019. Topics there include genome/RNA seq, python, proteomics, machine learning, R, etc.
 +
  
 
'''Mar 19-21, 2019 - SPRING BREAK'''
 
'''Mar 19-21, 2019 - SPRING BREAK'''
* Finish HW3 and turn in the proposal for your course project.
+
* Don't forget to finish HW3 and turn in the proposal for your course project by March 25th.
 +
 
  
 
'''Mar 14, 2019 - Motifs'''
 
'''Mar 14, 2019 - Motifs'''
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_Motifs_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_Motifs_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
* '''Due March 19 by email''' - One to two (full) paragraphs describing your plans for a final project, along with the names of your collaborators.  This assignment (planning out your project) will account for 5 points out of your 25 total points for your course project. Here are a few examples of final projects from previous years: [http://sites.google.com/site/ch391fall08finaloconnellwang/?pageDeleted=%2Fa-monte-carlo-simulation-of-protein-polymerization-in-budding-yeast 1], [http://sites.google.com/site/polyomamirnatargeting/ 2], [http://sites.google.com/site/pathtarandmore/ 3], [http://sites.google.com/site/zlutexas/Home/project-for-ch391l 4], [https://sites.google.com/site/structureandevolutionofaprd4/home 5] [https://sites.google.com/site/modelingpyrosequencingerror/ 6]  [https://sites.google.com/site/bioinformaticsch391lproject/ 7] [https://sites.google.com/site/emilo83/home 8] [https://sites.google.com/site/ch391lchipseq/ 9] [https://sites.google.com/site/arabmybgrant/ 10] [https://sites.google.com/site/biogridviewer/home 11] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/immunoglobulin-team/home 12] [https://metabolicnetworkpathways.wordpress.com/ 13] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/quantum-tunneling-on-enzymatic-kinetics/home 14]<br>  
+
* '''Due March 25 by email''' - One to two (full) paragraphs describing your plans for a final project, along with the names of your collaborators.  This assignment (planning out your project) will account for 5 points out of your 25 total points for your course project. Here are a few examples of final projects from previous years: [http://sites.google.com/site/ch391fall08finaloconnellwang/?pageDeleted=%2Fa-monte-carlo-simulation-of-protein-polymerization-in-budding-yeast 1], [http://sites.google.com/site/polyomamirnatargeting/ 2], [http://sites.google.com/site/pathtarandmore/ 3], [http://sites.google.com/site/zlutexas/Home/project-for-ch391l 4], [https://sites.google.com/site/structureandevolutionofaprd4/home 5] [https://sites.google.com/site/modelingpyrosequencingerror/ 6]  [https://sites.google.com/site/bioinformaticsch391lproject/ 7] [https://sites.google.com/site/emilo83/home 8] [https://sites.google.com/site/ch391lchipseq/ 9] [https://sites.google.com/site/arabmybgrant/ 10] [https://sites.google.com/site/biogridviewer/home 11] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/immunoglobulin-team/home 12] [https://metabolicnetworkpathways.wordpress.com/ 13] [https://sites.google.com/a/utexas.edu/quantum-tunneling-on-enzymatic-kinetics/home 14]<br>  
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/nbt0406-423-primer-whataremotifs.pdf NBT Primer - What are motifs?]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/nbt0406-423-primer-whataremotifs.pdf NBT Primer - What are motifs?]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/nbt0806-959-primer-howdoesmotifdiscoverywork.pdf NBT Primer - How does motif discovery work?]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/nbt0806-959-primer-howdoesmotifdiscoverywork.pdf NBT Primer - How does motif discovery work?]
 
* [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1L1M The biochemical basis of a particular motif]
 
* [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1L1M The biochemical basis of a particular motif]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/GibbsSampling.pdf Gibbs Sampling]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/GibbsSampling.pdf Gibbs Sampling]
* FYI, The nanopore sequencing run we started in class ran for a day and collected >9000 basecalled reads, with average lengths of several thousand nucleotides. Our longest read was almost 70 kb! <s>We'll clean up the data and post it to the course web site so that some of you can use it for projects, if desired.</s>  Here are the nanopore reads if you'd like to play with them.  There are 3 fastq files, each gzipped and ~10-30GB in size:  [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/fastq_runid_fbea4bea7410dfda4bf285ff8f07fef0c49a6b4f_0.fastq.gz 0], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/fastq_runid_fbea4bea7410dfda4bf285ff8f07fef0c49a6b4f_1.fastq.gz 1], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/fastq_runid_fbea4bea7410dfda4bf285ff8f07fef0c49a6b4f_2.fastq.gz 2]
+
* FYI, we stopped last class's nanopore sequencing run pretty soon after class ended. Even in that relatively short time (<30 min), our longest read (sequencing randomly shorter DNA fragments from a 40kb phage genome) was >20 kb.
 +
 
  
 
'''Mar 12, 2019 - Live Demo: Next-next-...-generation Sequencing (NGS) by nanopore'''
 
'''Mar 12, 2019 - Live Demo: Next-next-...-generation Sequencing (NGS) by nanopore'''
* Homework #3 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM March 19'''.
+
* Homework #3 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM March 25'''.
* We're trying an experiment this year to see if we can sequence a genome (or at least some reasonable portion of it) in the space/time of a single class (!). We'll be using an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGWZvHIi3i0 Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer], which differs substantially from these major alternatives:
+
* We're going to be live-demoing a nanopore single molecule DNA sequencer in class, assuming all goes well. Specifically, we'll be using an [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGWZvHIi3i0 Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer], which differs substantially from these major alternatives:
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCd6B5HRaZ8 Youtube video] of Illumina/Solexa Sequencing by Synthesis
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCd6B5HRaZ8 Youtube video] of Illumina/Solexa Sequencing by Synthesis
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHCJ8PtYCFc Youtube video] of Pacific Biosciences [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_molecule_real_time_sequencing single molecule sequencing by synthesis in zero mode waveguides]
 
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHCJ8PtYCFc Youtube video] of Pacific Biosciences [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_molecule_real_time_sequencing single molecule sequencing by synthesis in zero mode waveguides]
* Here's [https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/videos/nanopore-dna-sequencing Oxford nanopore's own video] explaining the tech.  DNA sequences are collected first as electrical traces. A big breakthrough was learning to convert these traces to DNA nucleotide sequences using hidden Markov model based algorithms very similar in spirit to those we've already talked about in class (e.g., as in [https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/33/1/49/2525680 this open source HMM-based nanopore base-caller]).  [https://nanoporetech.com/about-us/news/new-basecaller-now-performs-raw-basecalling-improved-sequencing-accuracy The latest base-callers] are moving towards neural network algorithms.
+
* Here's [https://nanoporetech.com/how-it-works Oxford nanopore's own videos] explaining the tech.  DNA sequences are collected first as electrical traces. A big breakthrough was learning to convert these traces to DNA nucleotide sequences using hidden Markov model based algorithms very similar in spirit to those we've already talked about in class (e.g., as in [https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/33/1/49/2525680 this open source HMM-based nanopore base-caller]).  [https://nanoporetech.com/resource-centre/performance-neural-network-basecalling-tools-oxford-nanopore-sequencing The latest base-callers] are moving towards neural network algorithms.
 +
 
  
 
'''Mar 7, 2019 - Genomes II'''<br>
 
'''Mar 7, 2019 - Genomes II'''<br>
* We're finishing up the slides from Mar. 5. Note that we give short shrift to read mapping/alignment algorithms, of which there are now [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequence_alignment_software#Short-Read_Sequence_Alignment a very long list]. Here's an interesting discussion by Lior Pachter of the [https://liorpachter.wordpress.com/2015/11/01/what-is-a-read-mapping/ major developments in that field.]
+
* We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 28. Note that we give short shrift to read mapping/alignment algorithms, of which there are now [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequence_alignment_software#Short-Read_Sequence_Alignment a very long list]. Here's an interesting discussion by Lior Pachter of the [https://liorpachter.wordpress.com/2015/11/01/what-is-a-read-mapping/ major developments in that field.]
* The [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BWApaper.pdf BWA paper] gives a clear introduction to how the Burrows–Wheeler transform can be used to construct an index.
+
* Here is [http://blog.thegrandlocus.com/2016/07/a-tutorial-on-burrows-wheeler-indexing-methods an excellent explanation of how the BWT relates to a suffix tree and enables fast read mapping to a genome]
 +
* If you want a more detailed explanation, the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BWApaper.pdf BWA paper] more formally describes how the Burrows–Wheeler transform can be used to construct an index.
 +
* & here are two more examples of using the BWT for indexing: [http://blog.avadis-ngs.com/2012/04/elegant-exact-string-match-using-bwt-2/ 1] [http://www.di.unipi.it/~ferragin/Libraries/fmindexV2/index.html 2]
 +
* Plus:  [https://www.slideshare.net/AdamPhillippy/telomeretotelomere-assembly-of-a-complete-human-x-chromosome "I have some troubling news...the human reference genome is incomplete"], breaking prepublication results on the telomere-to-telomere assembly of a complete human X chromosome from Karen Miga and Adam Phillippy, presented at the AGBT 2019 conference last week.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Mar 5, 2019 - Guest Lecture: [https://sites.cns.utexas.edu/cbrs/bioinformatics/staff Anna Battenhouse], NGS Analysis Best Practices'''<br>
 +
* Practical advice and best practices for NGS mapping and analysis
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/2019-03-NGS_IntroForEdM.pdf Today's slides]
 +
 
  
'''Mar 5, 2019 - Genome Assembly'''
+
'''Feb 28, 2019 - Genome Assembly'''
* Follow up from the last lecture: [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/09/262964 1/3 of known E. coli operons were just extended by at least 1 gene]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-GenomeAssembly_Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_GenomeAssembly_Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]
+
* A gentle reminder that Problem Set 2 is '''due by 11:59PM March 6'''<br>
* A gentle reminder that Problem Set 2 is '''due by 11:59PM March 5'''<br>
+
* Also, next Tuesday will be the first of our guest lecturers, [https://sites.cns.utexas.edu/cbrs/bioinformatics/staff Anna Battenhouse], on practical aspects of genome sequencing/assembly
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/DeBruijnPrimer.pdf DeBruijn Primer] and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/DeBruijnSupplement.pdf Supplement]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/DeBruijnPrimer.pdf DeBruijn Primer] and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/DeBruijnSupplement.pdf Supplement]
* Here are a few explanations of using the BWT for indexing: [http://blog.avadis-ngs.com/2012/04/elegant-exact-string-match-using-bwt-2/ 1] [http://www.di.unipi.it/~ferragin/Libraries/fmindexV2/index.html 2]
+
 
* If you would like a few examples of proteins annotated with their transmembrane and soluble regions (according to UniProt) to help troubleshoot your homework, here are some [http://www.marcottelab.org/images/5/5a/Annotated_peptides.txt example yeast protein sequences].
 
* If you would like a few examples of proteins annotated with their transmembrane and soluble regions (according to UniProt) to help troubleshoot your homework, here are some [http://www.marcottelab.org/images/5/5a/Annotated_peptides.txt example yeast protein sequences].
 +
* From last time, some definitions of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity sensitivity/specificity] & [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_and_recall precision/recall]. Note that the gene finding community settled early on to a different definition of specificity that corresponds to the precision or PPV in other fields. Other fields define specificity as the true negative rate.
  
'''Feb 28, 2019 - Gene finding II'''
 
* We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 26, then moving on into [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_GenomeAssembly_Spring2018.pdf Genome Assembly]
 
  
'''Feb 26, 2019 - Gene finding'''
+
'''Feb 26, 2019 - Gene finding II'''
* We'll finish slides from Feb 21, then start [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N-GeneFinding-Spring2018.pdf today's slides on gene finding]
+
* We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 21
 +
* Peer-led open coding hour has been resurrected!  Wed 12:30-1:30 in the MBB 2nd floor student lounge (the newly revamped eating space)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Feb 21, 2019 - Gene finding'''
 +
* We'll finish HMM slides from Feb 19, then start [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-GeneFinding-Spring2019.pdf today's slides on gene finding]
 +
* Some science news of the day:  [https://amp.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/07/26/python-is-becoming-the-worlds-most-popular-coding-language "In the past 12 months Americans have searched for Python on Google more often than for Kim Kardashian"]
 +
* For a few more examples of HMMs in action, here's the [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/MinionHumanGenome.pdf recent paper on sequencing the human genome by nanopore], which used HMMs in 3-4 different ways for polishing, contig inspection, repeat analysis and 5-methylcytosine detection.
 
* [http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&lastVirtModeType=default&lastVirtModeExtraState=&virtModeType=default&virtMode=0&nonVirtPosition=&position=chr11%3A61755389-61788517&hgsid=477602291_ccTRfcOcZIQHnMkBKGzbQLBRc6HL The UCSC genome browser]
 
* [http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg38&lastVirtModeType=default&lastVirtModeExtraState=&virtModeType=default&virtMode=0&nonVirtPosition=&position=chr11%3A61755389-61788517&hgsid=477602291_ccTRfcOcZIQHnMkBKGzbQLBRc6HL The UCSC genome browser]
Problem Set 2, due before midnight Mar. 5, 2018:<br>
+
'''Problem Set 2, due before midnight Mar. 6, 2019''':<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_ProblemSet2_Spring2018.pdf '''Problem Set 2'''].   
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_ProblemSet2_Spring2019.pdf '''Problem Set 2'''].   
* You'll need these 3 files: [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/state_sequences State sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/soluble_sequences Soluble sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/transmembrane_sequences Transmembrane sequences]
+
* You'll need these 3 files: [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/state_sequences State sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/soluble_sequences Soluble sequences], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/transmembrane_sequences Transmembrane sequences]
Reading:<br>
+
Reading (a couple of old classics + a review):<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/EukGeneAnnotation.pdf Eukaryotic gene finding], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/GeneMark.hmm.pdf GeneMark.hmm], and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BurgeKarlin-main.pdf GENSCAN]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/EukGeneAnnotation.pdf Eukaryotic gene finding], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/GeneMark.hmm.pdf GeneMark.hmm], and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BurgeKarlin-main.pdf GENSCAN]
  
'''Feb 21, 2019 - HMMs II'''
 
* We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 19.
 
* News of the day: (1) A group in San Diego [https://www.rchsd.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/new-guinness-world-records-title-set-for-fastest-genetic-diagnosis/ was just recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records] for sequencing a newborn infant's genome and diagnosing a genetic disease in <20 hours. The particular sequencing platform they used [https://www.illumina.com/systems/sequencing-platforms/novaseq.html claims a throughput of 6 Tb and 20 B reads in < 2 days].  (2) Relevant to today's lecture, [https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/01/pocket-sized-dna-reader-used-to-scan-entire-human-genome-sequence/ researchers at Nottingham University reported sequencing and assembling a near-complete human genome using a nanopore sequencer].  The data interpretation relied heavily on hidden Markov models.  [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/MinionHumanGenome.pdf Here's the paper].
 
  
'''Feb 19, 2019 - Hidden Markov Models'''
+
'''Feb 19, 2019 - HMMs II'''
* Don't forget: Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) is due on Rosalind '''by 11:59PM February 19'''.
+
* We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 14.
* Linking out to [http://www.uniprot.org/ UniProt], discussed last time
+
* I was just pointed to [http://setosa.io/blog/2014/07/26/markov-chains/ this great interactive visualization of Markov Chains], by Victor Powell & Lewis Lehe. It's worth checking out to build some intuition.
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N-HMMs-Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]<br>
+
* A non-biological example of using log odds ratios & Bayesian stats [https://priceonomics.com/how-statistics-solved-a-175-year-old-mystery-about/ to learn the authors of the Federalist Papers]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Feb 14, 2019 - Hidden Markov Models'''
 +
* Happy Valentine's Day!
 +
* Don't forget: Rosalind Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) is due '''by 11:59PM February 20'''.
 +
* [https://www.huber.embl.de/msmb/ Modern Statistic for Modern Biology], by Susan Holmes and Wolfgang Huber, discussed last time. It's currently available online and due to be [https://www.amazon.com/Modern-Statistics-Biology-Susan-Holmes/dp/1108705294/ released on dead tree in the US in April]. (FYI, all code is in R.)
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-HMMs-Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
Reading:<br>
 
Reading:<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBTPrimer-HMMs.pdf HMM primer] and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBTPrimer-Bayes.pdf Bayesian statistics primer #1], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BayesPrimer-NatMethods.pdf Bayesian statistics primer #2], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem Wiki Bayes]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBTPrimer-HMMs.pdf HMM primer] and [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBTPrimer-Bayes.pdf Bayesian statistics primer #1], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BayesPrimer-NatMethods.pdf Bayesian statistics primer #2], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem Wiki Bayes]
 
* Care to practice your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression regular expressions]? (In [http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm python?])
 
* Care to practice your [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression regular expressions]? (In [http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/python_reg_expressions.htm python?])
  
'''Feb 14, 2019 - Biological databases'''
 
* Just a note that we'll be seeing ever more statistics as go on. Here's a [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/StatisticsPrimer.pdf good primer] from [http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/meyers/LaurenM/index.html Prof. Lauren Myers] to refresh/explain basic concepts.
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N-BiologicalDatabases-Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
  
'''Feb 12, 2019 - BLAST'''
+
'''Feb 12, 2019 - Biological databases'''
* Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM February 19'''.
+
* Homework #2 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM February 20'''.
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N-BLAST-Spring2018.pdf Our slides today] are modified from a paper on [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001014 Teaching BLAST] by Cheryl Kerfeld & Kathleen Scott.
+
* Science news of the day: [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/01/gum-disease-causing-bacteria-could-spur-alzheimer-s Does gum disease cause Alzheimer's?]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BLAST.pdf The original BLAST paper]
+
* Just a note that we'll be seeing ever more statistics as go on. Here's a [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/StatisticsPrimer.pdf good primer] from [http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/meyers/LaurenM/index.html Prof. Lauren Myers] to refresh/explain basic concepts.
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-BiologicalDatabases-Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Feb 7, 2019 - BLAST'''
 +
* Science news of the day: Yet more [http://dev.biologists.org/content/146/3/dev175778 CRISPR] [https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/31/crispr-babies-michael-deem-rice-he-jiankui/ baby] [https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612892/crispr-baby-stanford-investigation/ news]!
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-BLAST-Spring2019.pdf Our slides today] are modified from a paper on [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001014 Teaching BLAST] by Cheryl Kerfeld & Kathleen Scott.
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BLAST.pdf The original BLAST paper]
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/jmb-lgl.pdf The protein homology graph paper]. Just for fun, here's a link to a [http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2008/elasticmind/#/211/ stylized version] we exhibited in the engaging [http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2008/elasticmind/ Design and the Elastic Mind] show at New York's Museum of Modern Art.  
 
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/paper-pdfs/jmb-lgl.pdf The protein homology graph paper]. Just for fun, here's a link to a [http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2008/elasticmind/#/211/ stylized version] we exhibited in the engaging [http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2008/elasticmind/ Design and the Elastic Mind] show at New York's Museum of Modern Art.  
  
'''Feb 7, 2019 - Guest lecture: Homologs, orthologs, and evolutionary trees'''
+
 
* We'll have a guest lecture by [http://bliebeskind.github.io/ Ben Liebeskind], a postdoctoral fellow in the Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, on decoding the evolutionary relationships among genes.
+
-->
+
<!--
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BioinformaticsClass_sp2018.pdf Today's slides]<br>
+
-->
+
<!--
+
 
'''Feb 5, 2019 - Sequence Alignment II'''
 
'''Feb 5, 2019 - Sequence Alignment II'''
* News of the day: [https://www.sciencealert.com/naked-mole-rats-nonageing-gompertz-law-longevity-calico Naked mole rats apparently don't age!?!]
+
* We're finishing up the slides from Jan. 31.
* We're finishing up the slides from Jan. 25.  
+
* Science-ish news of the day: [http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/02/choose-your-champion-year-s-dance-your-phd-contest The Dance Your Ph.D. contest is on!]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBTPrimer-DynamicProgramming.pdf Dynamic programming primer]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/FactAndFictionInAlignment.png Fact and Fiction in Sequence Alignments]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/GALPAS.xls An example of dynamic programming using Excel], created by [http://www.thepmcf.ca/News-Media/Blog/The-PMCF-Blog/January-2014/Meet-Michael-Hoffman Michael Hoffman] (a former U Texas undergraduate, now U Toronto professor, who took a prior incarnation of this class)
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBTPrimer-DynamicProgramming.pdf Dynamic programming primer]
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/GALPAS.xls An example of dynamic programming using Excel], created by [http://www.thepmcf.ca/News-Media/Blog/The-PMCF-Blog/January-2014/Meet-Michael-Hoffman Michael Hoffman] (a former U Texas undergraduate, now U Toronto professor, who took a prior incarnation of this class)
 
* A few examples of proteins with internally repetitive sequences: [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1QYY 1], [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2BEX 2], [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1BKV 3]
 
* A few examples of proteins with internally repetitive sequences: [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1QYY 1], [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2BEX 2], [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1BKV 3]
 +
  
 
'''Jan 31, 2019 - Sequence Alignment I'''
 
'''Jan 31, 2019 - Sequence Alignment I'''
* For those of you who might be interested, Rosalind is having a [http://bioinf.me/contest Bioinformatics Contest].  Sign up runs until Feb. 3, the qualification round is Feb. 3-11, and Feb. 24 is the final round, with 24 hours to solve as many problems as you can. First prize in 2017 was to get your genome (exome) sequenced!
+
* For those of you who might be interested, Rosalind is having a [http://bioinf.me/contest Bioinformatics Contest].  Sign up runs until Feb. 2, the qualification round is Feb. 2-10, and Feb. 23 is the final round, with 24 hours to solve as many problems as you can. First prize in 2019 is to get your genome (exome) sequenced or get your own nanopore sequencer!
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N-Spring2018-SequenceAlignmentI.pdf Today's slides]<br>
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH364C-394P-Spring2019-SequenceAlignment.pdf Today's slides]<br>
Problem Set I, due before midnight Feb. 5, 2018:<br>
+
Problem Set I, due before midnight Feb. 11, 2019:<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_ProblemSet1_Spring2018.pdf Problem Set 1]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH364C-394P_ProblemSet1_Spring2019.pdf Problem Set 1]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/Hinfluenzae.txt H. influenzae genome]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae Haemophilus influenza] was the first free living organism to have its genome sequenced. '''NOTE: there are some additional characters in this file from ambiguous sequence calls.  For simplicity's sake, when calculating your nucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies, you can just ignore anything other than A, C, T, and G.'''
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/Hinfluenzae.txt H. influenzae genome]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae Haemophilus influenza] was the first free living organism to have its genome sequenced. '''NOTE: there are some additional characters in this file from ambiguous sequence calls.  For simplicity's sake, when calculating your nucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies, you can just ignore anything other than A, C, T, and G.'''
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/Taquaticus.txt T. aquaticus genome]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermus_aquaticus Thermus aquaticus] helped spawn the genomic revolution as the source of heat-stable Taq polymerase for PCR.
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/Taquaticus.txt T. aquaticus genome]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermus_aquaticus Thermus aquaticus] helped spawn the genomic revolution as the source of heat-stable Taq polymerase for PCR.
* 3 mystery genes (for Problem 5): [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/MysteryGene1.txt MysteryGene1], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/MysteryGene2.txt MysteryGene2], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/MysteryGene3.txt MysteryGene3]<br>
+
* 3 mystery genes (for Problem 5): [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/MysteryGene1.txt MysteryGene1], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/MysteryGene2.txt MysteryGene2], [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/MysteryGene3.txt MysteryGene3]<br>
 
* '''*** HEADS UP FOR THE PROBLEM SET ***'''  If you try to use the Python string.count function to count dinucleotides, Python counts '''non-overlapping''' instances, not '''overlapping''' instances.  So, ''AAAA'' is counted as 2, not 3, dinucleotides.  You want '''overlapping''' dinucleotides instead, so will have to try something else, such as the python string[counter:counter+2] command, as explained in the Rosalind homework assignment on strings.
 
* '''*** HEADS UP FOR THE PROBLEM SET ***'''  If you try to use the Python string.count function to count dinucleotides, Python counts '''non-overlapping''' instances, not '''overlapping''' instances.  So, ''AAAA'' is counted as 2, not 3, dinucleotides.  You want '''overlapping''' dinucleotides instead, so will have to try something else, such as the python string[counter:counter+2] command, as explained in the Rosalind homework assignment on strings.
 +
<!--
 
* For those of you who could use more tips on programming, there's a peer-led open coding hour happening on Tuesdays 3-4pm in MBB 2.232 (2nd floor lounge). It's a very informal setting where you can ask questions of more experienced programmers.
 
* For those of you who could use more tips on programming, there's a peer-led open coding hour happening on Tuesdays 3-4pm in MBB 2.232 (2nd floor lounge). It's a very informal setting where you can ask questions of more experienced programmers.
 +
-->
 
Reading:<br>
 
Reading:<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/NBTPrimer-BLOSUM.pdf BLOSUM primer]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/NBTPrimer-BLOSUM.pdf BLOSUM primer]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BLOSUM_paper.pdf The original BLOSUM paper] (hot off the presses from 1992!)
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BLOSUM_paper.pdf The original BLOSUM paper] (hot off the presses from 1992!)
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BLOSUM62Miscalculations.pdf BLOSUM miscalculations improve performance]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BLOSUM62Miscalculations.pdf BLOSUM miscalculations improve performance]
 
* There is a good discussion of the alignment algorithms and different scoring schemes [http://www.bioinformaticsonline.org/ch/ch03/supp-all.html here]
 
* There is a good discussion of the alignment algorithms and different scoring schemes [http://www.bioinformaticsonline.org/ch/ch03/supp-all.html here]
  
'''Jan 29, 2019 - Finishing Python intro, plus Rosalind help & programming Q/A, maybe a glimpse of next lecture'''
+
 
* [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/01/brain-cells-can-share-information-using-a-gene-that-came-from-viruses/550403/ news of the day--your neurons communicate with proteins related to retroviruses], reporting on 2 very nice back-to-back papers in cell: [http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)31504-0 1], [http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(17)31502-7 2]
+
'''Jan 29, 2019 - Intro to Python #2'''
 +
* We'll be finishing Python slides from last time, plus Rosalind help & programming Q/A, maybe a glimpse of next lecture.
 +
* Science news of the day: [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208425 A 500 year experiment], with a [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/500-year-long-science-experiment/581155/ nice commentary in The Atlantic]
 
* [http://www.scipy-lectures.org/packages/statistics/index.html Statistics in Python]
 
* [http://www.scipy-lectures.org/packages/statistics/index.html Statistics in Python]
* We'll be finishing Python slides from last time.
+
 
  
 
'''Jan 24, 2019 - Intro to Python'''
 
'''Jan 24, 2019 - Intro to Python'''
* Given '''SNOWPOCALYPSE 2018''' and our lost first day of class, we'll pick up mid-stream: Today's lecture will combine the planned short intro from lecture 1 with a plunge right into Python...
 
-->
 
<!--
 
* News of the day/Science in action:  There's a huge ongoing debate raging about the development of CRISPR genome editing technology, stemming in part from an [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/01/13/control-of-crispr-biotechs-most-promising-breakthrough-is-up-for-grabs/ ongoing patent contest] over who made key innovations in characterizing, engineering, and applying CRISPR. You can read some of the debate [http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/45072/title/Who-Owns-CRISPR--Cont-d/ here], [http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/45119/title/-Heroes-of-CRISPR--Disputed/ here], and [http://genotopia.scienceblog.com/579/landergate-a-link-list/ here], among many other sites.  There's a good chance we'll hear the major CRISPR patents decided this semester.
 
-->
 
<!--
 
 
* REMINDER:  My email inbox is always fairly backlogged (e.g., my median time between non-spam emails was 11 minutes when I measured last year), so please copy the TA on any emails to me to make sure they get taken care of.
 
* REMINDER:  My email inbox is always fairly backlogged (e.g., my median time between non-spam emails was 11 minutes when I measured last year), so please copy the TA on any emails to me to make sure they get taken care of.
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N-PythonPrimer-Spring2018.pdf Today's slides]<br>
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-PythonPrimer-Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]<br>
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/BCH339N_Lecture2-Python_primer-Spring2018.pdf Python primer]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_Lecture2-Python_primer-Spring2019.pdf Python primer]
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH339N_2018/Ecoli_genome.txt E. coli genome]
+
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/Ecoli_genome.txt E. coli genome]
 
* [http://astrofrog.github.io/blog/2015/05/09/2015-survey-results/ Python 2 vs 3?]. For compatibility with Rosalind and other materials, we'll use version 2.7. The current plan is for Python 2.7 support to be halted in 2020, but there is some hope (wishful thinking?) that Python 4 will be backwards compatible, [http://astrofrog.github.io/blog/2016/01/12/stop-writing-python-4-incompatible-code/ unlike Python 3]. Regardless, you're welcome to use whichever version you prefer, but we'll use 2.7 for all class explanations in the interests of simplicity and consistency. For beginners, the [http://www.practicepython.org/blog/2017/02/09/python2-and-3.html differences are quite minimal].
 
* [http://astrofrog.github.io/blog/2015/05/09/2015-survey-results/ Python 2 vs 3?]. For compatibility with Rosalind and other materials, we'll use version 2.7. The current plan is for Python 2.7 support to be halted in 2020, but there is some hope (wishful thinking?) that Python 4 will be backwards compatible, [http://astrofrog.github.io/blog/2016/01/12/stop-writing-python-4-incompatible-code/ unlike Python 3]. Regardless, you're welcome to use whichever version you prefer, but we'll use 2.7 for all class explanations in the interests of simplicity and consistency. For beginners, the [http://www.practicepython.org/blog/2017/02/09/python2-and-3.html differences are quite minimal].
-->
+
 
 +
 
 
'''Jan 22, 2019 - Introduction'''
 
'''Jan 22, 2019 - Introduction'''
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P_364C-IntroAndRosalind-Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]<br>
+
* Science news of the day (& a reminder of the importance of ethics in science!):  [https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/21/health/china-gene-editing-babies-intl/index.html Chinese authorities say world's first gene-edited babies were illegal]
 +
* [http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C-IntroAndRosalind-Spring2019.pdf Today's slides]<br>
 
* Some warm-up videos to get you started on Python (2 not 3, unless you pay for an upgrade): [https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python Code Academy's Python coding for beginners]<br>
 
* Some warm-up videos to get you started on Python (2 not 3, unless you pay for an upgrade): [https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python Code Academy's Python coding for beginners]<br>
 +
* Khan Academy has archived their videos on Python [https://www.youtube.com/user/khanacademy/search?query=python here]<br>
 
* We'll be conducting homework using the online environment [http://rosalind.info/faq/ Rosalind].  Go ahead and register on the site, and enroll specifically for BCH394P-BCH364C-Spring2019 using [http://rosalind.info/classes/enroll/127bf319a3/ ''this link''].  Homework #1 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has already been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM January 31'''.
 
* We'll be conducting homework using the online environment [http://rosalind.info/faq/ Rosalind].  Go ahead and register on the site, and enroll specifically for BCH394P-BCH364C-Spring2019 using [http://rosalind.info/classes/enroll/127bf319a3/ ''this link''].  Homework #1 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has already been assigned on Rosalind and is '''due by 11:59PM January 31'''.
 
* A useful online resource if you get bogged down: [http://pythonforbiologists.com/index.php/introduction-to-python-for-biologists/ Python for Biologists]. (& just a heads-up that some of their instructions for running code relate to a command line environment that's a bit different from the default one you install following the Rosalind instructions.  It won't affect the programs, just the way they are run or how you specific where files are located.) '''However, if you've never programmed Python before, definitely check this out!!!'''<br>
 
* A useful online resource if you get bogged down: [http://pythonforbiologists.com/index.php/introduction-to-python-for-biologists/ Python for Biologists]. (& just a heads-up that some of their instructions for running code relate to a command line environment that's a bit different from the default one you install following the Rosalind instructions.  It won't affect the programs, just the way they are run or how you specific where files are located.) '''However, if you've never programmed Python before, definitely check this out!!!'''<br>
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== Syllabus & course outline ==
 
== Syllabus & course outline ==
  
[http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P_364C_2019_syllabus.pdf Course syllabus]
+
[http://www.marcottelab.org/users/BCH394P_364C_2019/BCH394P-364C_Spring2019_syllabus.pdf Course syllabus]
  
 
An introduction to systems biology and bioinformatics, emphasizing quantitative analysis of high-throughput biological data, and covering typical data, data analysis, and computer algorithms.  Topics will include introductory probability and statistics, basics of Python programming, protein and nucleic acid sequence analysis, genome sequencing and assembly, proteomics, synthetic biology, analysis of large-scale gene expression data, data clustering, biological pattern recognition, and gene and protein networks.<br>
 
An introduction to systems biology and bioinformatics, emphasizing quantitative analysis of high-throughput biological data, and covering typical data, data analysis, and computer algorithms.  Topics will include introductory probability and statistics, basics of Python programming, protein and nucleic acid sequence analysis, genome sequencing and assembly, proteomics, synthetic biology, analysis of large-scale gene expression data, data clustering, biological pattern recognition, and gene and protein networks.<br>
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Online probability texts: [http://omega.albany.edu:8008/JaynesBook.html #1], [http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~mb55/pubs/pbstnote.htm #2], [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/pdf.html #3]<br>
 
Online probability texts: [http://omega.albany.edu:8008/JaynesBook.html #1], [http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~mb55/pubs/pbstnote.htm #2], [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chance/teaching_aids/books_articles/probability_book/pdf.html #3]<br>
  
'''No exams will be given.  Grades will be based on online homework (counting 30% of the grade), 3 problem sets (given every 2-3 weeks and counting 15% each towards the final grade) and an independent course project (25% of final grade).'''  The course project will consist of a research project on a bioinformatics topic chosen by the student (with approval by the instructor) containing an element of independent computational biology research (e.g. calculation, programming, database analysis, etc.). This will be turned in as a link to a web page. '''The final project is due by midnight, April 25, 2018.  The last three classes will be spent presenting your projects to each other. (The presentation will account for 5% of the project.)'''<br>
+
'''No exams will be given.  Grades will be based on online homework (counting 30% of the grade), 3 problem sets (given every 2-3 weeks and counting 15% each towards the final grade) and an independent course project (25% of final grade).'''  The course project will consist of a research project on a bioinformatics topic chosen by the student (with approval by the instructor) containing an element of independent computational biology research (e.g. calculation, programming, database analysis, etc.). This will be turned in as a link to a web page. '''The final project is due by midnight, April 29, 2019.  The last 2.5 classes will be spent presenting your projects to each other. (The presentation will account for 5/25 points for the project.)'''<br>
  
 
Online homework will be assigned and evaluated using the free bioinformatics web resource [http://rosalind.info/faq/ Rosalind].<br>
 
Online homework will be assigned and evaluated using the free bioinformatics web resource [http://rosalind.info/faq/ Rosalind].<br>
Line 288: Line 304:
 
Students are welcome to discuss ideas and problems with each other, but '''all programs, Rosalind homework, problem sets, and written solutions should be performed ''independently'' '''. Students are expected to follow the UT honor code. '''Cheating, plagiarism, copying, & reuse of prior homework, projects, or ''programs'' from CourseHero, Github, or any other sources are all ''strictly forbidden'' and constitute breaches of academic integrity ([http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/acint_student.php UT academic integrity policy]) and cause for dismissal with a failing grade.'''
 
Students are welcome to discuss ideas and problems with each other, but '''all programs, Rosalind homework, problem sets, and written solutions should be performed ''independently'' '''. Students are expected to follow the UT honor code. '''Cheating, plagiarism, copying, & reuse of prior homework, projects, or ''programs'' from CourseHero, Github, or any other sources are all ''strictly forbidden'' and constitute breaches of academic integrity ([http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/acint_student.php UT academic integrity policy]) and cause for dismissal with a failing grade.'''
  
'''The final project web site is due by midnight April 25, 2018.'''
+
'''The final project web site is due by midnight April 29, 2019.'''
  
 
* How to make a web site for the final project  
 
* How to make a web site for the final project  

Latest revision as of 15:11, 30 April 2019

BCH394P/BCH364C Systems Biology & Bioinformatics

Course unique #: 54044/53945
Lectures: Tues/Thurs 11 – 12:30 PM in JGB 2.202
Instructor: Edward Marcotte, marcotte @ icmb.utexas.edu

  • Office hours: Wed 11 AM – 12 noon in MBB 3.148BA

TA: Caitie McCaffery, clmccafferty @ utexas.edu

  • TA Office hours: Mon 11-12/Fri 2-3 in NHB 3.400B atrium (or MBB 3.128B) Phone: 512-232-3919

Lectures & Handouts

Apr 30 - May 7, 2019 - Final Project Presentations


April 23-25, 2019 - Synthetic Biology I

  • Reminder: All projects are due by midnight, April 29. Turn them in as a URL to the web site you created, sent by email to the TA AND PROFESSOR.
  • Today's slides

A collection of further reading, if you're so inclined:

Food for thought


April 18, 2019 - Phenologs

  • More on ethics, CRISPR babies & Stanford's response
  • Remember: The final project web page is due by midnight April 29, 2019, turned in as a URL emailed to the TA+Professor. Please indicate in the email if you are willing to let us post the project to the course web site. Also, note that late days can't be used for the final project
  • Today's slides
  • Phenologs and the drug discovery story we'll discuss in class. This is a fun example of the power of opportunistic data mining aka "research parasitism" in biomedical research.
  • Search for phenologs here. You can get started by rediscovering the plant model of Waardenburg syndrome. Search among the known diseases for "Waardenburg", or enter the human genes linked to Waardenburg (Entrez gene IDs 4286, 5077, 6591, 7299) to get a feel for how this works.

Tools for finding orthologs:

  • One good tool for discovering orthologs is InParanoid. Note: InParanoid annotation lags a bit, so you'll need to find the Ensembl protein id, or try a text search for the common name. Or, just link there from Uniprot. InParanoid tends towards higher recall, lower precision for finding orthologs. Approaches with higher precision include OMA (introduced in this paper), PhylomeDB, and EggNOG. The various algorithms basically have different trade-offs with regard to precision vs recall, and ease of use. For example, we use EggNOG in the lab for annotating genes in new genomes/transcriptomes because the EggNOG HMM ortholog models are easily downloadable/re-run on any set of genes you happen to be interested in.
  • All (well, at least some) of your ortholog definition questions answered!


Apr 16, 2019 - Networks

  • Today's slides
  • Metabolic networks: The wall chart (it's interactive. For example, can you find enolase?), the current state of the human metabolic reaction network, a review of mapping transcriptional networks by Chip-SEQ (with the current record holder in this regard held by ENCODE), and a recent review of protein interaction mapping in humans and how it is informing disease genetics.
  • Useful gene network resources include:
    • Reactome), which we've seen before, links human genes according to reactions and pathways, and also calculated functional linkages from various high-throughput data.
    • FunctionalNet, which links to human, worm, Arabidopsis, mouse and yeast gene networks. Not the prettiest web site, but useful, and helped my own group find genes for a wide variety of biological processes. Try searching HumanNet for the myelin regulatory factor MYRF (Entrez gene ID 745) and predicting its function, which is now known but wasn't when the network was made.
    • STRING is available for many organisms, including large numbers of prokaryotes. Try searching on the E. coli enolase (Eno) as an example.
    • GeneMania, which aggregates many individual gene networks.
    • The best interactive tool for network visualization is Cytoscape. You can download and install it locally on your computer, then visualize and annotated any gene network, such as are output by the network tools linked above. There is also a web-based network viewer that can be incorporated into your own pages (e.g., as used in YeastNet). Here's an example file to visualize, the latest version of the human protein complex map.

Reading:


Apr 11, 2019 - Principal Component Analysis (& the curious case of European genotypes)

A smattering of links on PCA:


Apr 9, 2019 - Classifiers


Apr 4, 2019 - Clustering II


Apr 2, 2019 - Functional Genomics & Data Mining - Clustering I

Problem Set 3, due before midnight Apr. 11, 2019. You will need the following software and datasets:


Mar 28, 2019 - 3D Protein Structure Modeling


Mar 26, 2019 - Proteomics


Mar 19-21, 2019 - SPRING BREAK

  • Don't forget to finish HW3 and turn in the proposal for your course project by March 25th.


Mar 14, 2019 - Motifs


Mar 12, 2019 - Live Demo: Next-next-...-generation Sequencing (NGS) by nanopore


Mar 7, 2019 - Genomes II


Mar 5, 2019 - Guest Lecture: Anna Battenhouse, NGS Analysis Best Practices

  • Practical advice and best practices for NGS mapping and analysis
  • Today's slides


Feb 28, 2019 - Genome Assembly

  • Today's slides
  • A gentle reminder that Problem Set 2 is due by 11:59PM March 6
  • Also, next Tuesday will be the first of our guest lecturers, Anna Battenhouse, on practical aspects of genome sequencing/assembly
  • DeBruijn Primer and Supplement
  • If you would like a few examples of proteins annotated with their transmembrane and soluble regions (according to UniProt) to help troubleshoot your homework, here are some example yeast protein sequences.
  • From last time, some definitions of sensitivity/specificity & precision/recall. Note that the gene finding community settled early on to a different definition of specificity that corresponds to the precision or PPV in other fields. Other fields define specificity as the true negative rate.


Feb 26, 2019 - Gene finding II

  • We're finishing up the slides from Feb. 21
  • Peer-led open coding hour has been resurrected! Wed 12:30-1:30 in the MBB 2nd floor student lounge (the newly revamped eating space)


Feb 21, 2019 - Gene finding

Problem Set 2, due before midnight Mar. 6, 2019:

Reading (a couple of old classics + a review):


Feb 19, 2019 - HMMs II


Feb 14, 2019 - Hidden Markov Models

Reading:


Feb 12, 2019 - Biological databases


Feb 7, 2019 - BLAST


Feb 5, 2019 - Sequence Alignment II


Jan 31, 2019 - Sequence Alignment I

  • For those of you who might be interested, Rosalind is having a Bioinformatics Contest. Sign up runs until Feb. 2, the qualification round is Feb. 2-10, and Feb. 23 is the final round, with 24 hours to solve as many problems as you can. First prize in 2019 is to get your genome (exome) sequenced or get your own nanopore sequencer!
  • Today's slides

Problem Set I, due before midnight Feb. 11, 2019:

  • Problem Set 1
  • H. influenzae genome. Haemophilus influenza was the first free living organism to have its genome sequenced. NOTE: there are some additional characters in this file from ambiguous sequence calls. For simplicity's sake, when calculating your nucleotide and dinucleotide frequencies, you can just ignore anything other than A, C, T, and G.
  • T. aquaticus genome. Thermus aquaticus helped spawn the genomic revolution as the source of heat-stable Taq polymerase for PCR.
  • 3 mystery genes (for Problem 5): MysteryGene1, MysteryGene2, MysteryGene3
  • *** HEADS UP FOR THE PROBLEM SET *** If you try to use the Python string.count function to count dinucleotides, Python counts non-overlapping instances, not overlapping instances. So, AAAA is counted as 2, not 3, dinucleotides. You want overlapping dinucleotides instead, so will have to try something else, such as the python string[counter:counter+2] command, as explained in the Rosalind homework assignment on strings.

Reading:


Jan 29, 2019 - Intro to Python #2


Jan 24, 2019 - Intro to Python

  • REMINDER: My email inbox is always fairly backlogged (e.g., my median time between non-spam emails was 11 minutes when I measured last year), so please copy the TA on any emails to me to make sure they get taken care of.
  • Today's slides
  • Python primer
  • E. coli genome
  • Python 2 vs 3?. For compatibility with Rosalind and other materials, we'll use version 2.7. The current plan is for Python 2.7 support to be halted in 2020, but there is some hope (wishful thinking?) that Python 4 will be backwards compatible, unlike Python 3. Regardless, you're welcome to use whichever version you prefer, but we'll use 2.7 for all class explanations in the interests of simplicity and consistency. For beginners, the differences are quite minimal.


Jan 22, 2019 - Introduction

  • Science news of the day (& a reminder of the importance of ethics in science!): Chinese authorities say world's first gene-edited babies were illegal
  • Today's slides
  • Some warm-up videos to get you started on Python (2 not 3, unless you pay for an upgrade): Code Academy's Python coding for beginners
  • Khan Academy has archived their videos on Python here
  • We'll be conducting homework using the online environment Rosalind. Go ahead and register on the site, and enroll specifically for BCH394P-BCH364C-Spring2019 using this link. Homework #1 (worth 10% of your final course grade) has already been assigned on Rosalind and is due by 11:59PM January 31.
  • A useful online resource if you get bogged down: Python for Biologists. (& just a heads-up that some of their instructions for running code relate to a command line environment that's a bit different from the default one you install following the Rosalind instructions. It won't affect the programs, just the way they are run or how you specific where files are located.) However, if you've never programmed Python before, definitely check this out!!!

Syllabus & course outline

Course syllabus

An introduction to systems biology and bioinformatics, emphasizing quantitative analysis of high-throughput biological data, and covering typical data, data analysis, and computer algorithms. Topics will include introductory probability and statistics, basics of Python programming, protein and nucleic acid sequence analysis, genome sequencing and assembly, proteomics, synthetic biology, analysis of large-scale gene expression data, data clustering, biological pattern recognition, and gene and protein networks.

Open to graduate students and upper division undergrads (with permission) in natural sciences and engineering. Prerequisites: Basic familiarity with molecular biology, statistics & computing, but realistically, it is expected that students will have extremely varied backgrounds. Undergraduates have additional prerequisites, as listed in the catalog.

Note that this is not a course on practical sequence analysis or using web-based tools. Although we will use a number of these to help illustrate points, the focus of the course will be on learning the underlying algorithms and exploratory data analyses and their applications, esp. in high-throughput biology.

Most of the lectures will be from research articles and slides posted online, with some material from the...
Optional text (for sequence analysis): Biological sequence analysis, by R. Durbin, S. Eddy, A. Krogh, G. Mitchison (Cambridge University Press),

For biologists rusty on their stats, The Cartoon Guide to Statistics (Gonick/Smith) is very good. A reasonable online resource for beginners is Statistics Done Wrong.

Some online references:
An online bioinformatics course
Assorted bioinformatics resources on the web: Assorted links
Online probability texts: #1, #2, #3

No exams will be given. Grades will be based on online homework (counting 30% of the grade), 3 problem sets (given every 2-3 weeks and counting 15% each towards the final grade) and an independent course project (25% of final grade). The course project will consist of a research project on a bioinformatics topic chosen by the student (with approval by the instructor) containing an element of independent computational biology research (e.g. calculation, programming, database analysis, etc.). This will be turned in as a link to a web page. The final project is due by midnight, April 29, 2019. The last 2.5 classes will be spent presenting your projects to each other. (The presentation will account for 5/25 points for the project.)

Online homework will be assigned and evaluated using the free bioinformatics web resource Rosalind.

All projects and homework will be turned in electronically and time-stamped. No makeup work will be given. Instead, all students have 5 days of free “late time” (for the entire semester, NOT per project, and counting weekends/holidays). For projects turned in late, days will be deducted from the 5 day total (or what remains of it) by the number of days late (in 1 day increments, rounding up, i.e. 10 minutes late = 1 day deducted). Once the full 5 days have been used up, assignments will be penalized 10 percent per day late (rounding up), i.e., a 50 point assignment turned in 1.5 days late would be penalized 20%, or 10 points.

Homework, problem sets, and the project total to a possible 100 points. There will be no curving of grades, nor will grades be rounded up. We’ll use the plus/minus grading system, so: A= 92 and above, A-=90 to 91.99, etc. Just for clarity's sake, here are the cutoffs for the grades: 92% = A, 90% = A- < 92%, 88% = B+ < 90%, 82% = B < 88%, 80% = B- < 82%, 78% = C+ < 80%, 72% = C < 78%, 70% = C- < 72%, 68% = D+ < 70%, 62% = D < 68%, 60% = D- < 62%, F < 60%.

Students are welcome to discuss ideas and problems with each other, but all programs, Rosalind homework, problem sets, and written solutions should be performed independently . Students are expected to follow the UT honor code. Cheating, plagiarism, copying, & reuse of prior homework, projects, or programs from CourseHero, Github, or any other sources are all strictly forbidden and constitute breaches of academic integrity (UT academic integrity policy) and cause for dismissal with a failing grade.

The final project web site is due by midnight April 29, 2019.